The Graying Of Our Population - 879 Words

The Graying of our Population A country is considered to be graying when the average age of its citizens rises to the point at which the majority of the population is considered to be older. The largest generation of Americans were born between 1946 and 1964. The people that were born during the 18 year period are referred to as Baby Boomers. As of 2012, Baby Boomers made up nearly 25% of the total U.S. population of approximately 315,000,000 (CNN, 2014). The U.S. faces a huge challenge as the number of Baby Boomers reaching retirement age will double by 2030. According to the Eldercare Workforce Alliance [EWA] (2014), the first Baby Boomers turned 65 years old in 2011 and by 2029, all Baby Boomers will be at least 65. The group, totaling nearly 70 million people, will have an enormous impact on the U.S. health care system. The aging population will create many new obstacles for the healthcare industry because as people age they are more likely to develop illness and disease. According to the EWA, nearl y 65% of all people 65 and over and 60% of people between 50 and 64 have at least one chronic illness. The healthcare workforce is not nearly large enough to treat the number of patients that will require medical attention. Health professionals will be in high demand because it is estimated that over 3,000,000 additional medical workers will be needed to meet the needs of the aging population. Diseases that are associated with aging are very expensive to treatShow MoreRelatedU.S. Prison Costs Essay example1610 Words   |  7 PagesU.S. Prison Costs After reading the essay, â€Å"A Homemade Education,† an autobiography of Malcolm X, I became quite curious about how many dollars America spends toward the prison system and how it affects our society. The autobiography itself covers how Malcolm X gained a homemade education simply by reading books while serving time in prison. 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Graying of America also affect the American demographic religion since the younger generations point of view seems to have a different perspectives about religion.Baby Boomers are more practicing the true values that come from the religion into their livesRead MoreThe Graying of America4775 Words   |  20 Pageshave not been successful, and time is running out. One of those issues is the graying of America. What is the graying of America? It is the demographic trend consisting of all the baby boomers that are aging and getting closer to retirement. Even though it does not seem like an area of concern, there are many complications that will result from this movement. Before explaining the various problems associated with the graying of America, it is important to understand the characteristics of a baby boomerRead MoreThe Changing Workforce Is One of the Emerging Trends in Organizational Behavior. Describe How the Workforce Is Changing and Briefly Identify Two Consequences of Thes e Changes for Organizations.852 Words   |  4 Pagesrapidly for reasons such as the labour force is growing older, workforce are becoming diverse, changers in workers attitudes and labour shortages (Weick and Quinn, 1999). As stated above one of the main causes of the changing workforce is the ageing population. As baby boomers are getting older and starting to retire, it is important that employers understand the needs and motivation of the younger generation (generation Y) who will soon be replacing the older generations (Anderson and Hussey, 2000).Read MoreEssay about Coping With The Aging Body1205 Words   |  5 Pagesstructures of the physique have become altered, and these variations of our former selves; good and or bad, have been happening from the moment of conception and continues until death. Physical adjustments are noticeable and undeniable as they are the first signs of aging that one can observe without medical training, are common, expected, and normal. As a whole, elderly people will experience thinning and wrinkling skin, graying hair; loss of teeth, vision and hearing impairments, taste and smellRead MoreAn Article on Rapid Urbanization1745 Words   |  7 Pagescountries. Then d uring the twentieth century, after World War II, there was a population boom and even more major growth in cities because of countries economies and jobs. For example, in the 1980s and 90s China and Indias cities expanded quickly due to free-trade areas and business activity. As of recently, one billion of our worlds population live in slums. But when some look at urbanization as a problem and threat to our environment, others says we must accept it. Priya Deshingkar, a researcherRead MoreNursing Homes Are Now For A Five Star Rating System Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesand social needs. 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People have been made to believe that being young is good as compared to those who have

Police Supervision Free Essays

string(103) " call in until an hour after his shift was supposed to start, to say he wouldn’t make it in to work\." POLICE SUPERVISION PSPOL – 212 CASE STUDIES IN POLICE SUPERVISION ELIZABETH DIAZ FALL 2012 POLICE SUPERVISION PSPOL – 212 POLICE SUPERVISION CASE STUDY (2A) ELIZABETH DIAZ 10/14/2012 BACKGROUND Police Officer Jacob Goulde is a member of the Town of Utopia Police Department. He’s a married father of two. Officer Goulde has had a very good track record in the nine years he’s worked for the Utopia Police Department, but recently he’s been observed making careless mistakes and his behavior is increasingly disturbing to his supervisor, Sergeant Wentworth. We will write a custom essay sample on Police Supervision or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the last four or five months, Office Goulde has been turning in his reports late and with many mistakes. He’s called off from work repeatedly, and shown up late to several of his tours, which is an unusual pattern for him. He’s missed an important squad meeting simply because he forgot about it. He’s also forgotten his radio on the roof of his patrol car, he drove off and the radio sustained damage that amounted to over six hundred dollars ($600). After being confronted by Sgt. Wentworth in a meeting between the two, Officer Goulde was evasive with his answers and confrontational toward his sergeant saying he was â€Å"probably coming down with a cold or something† as a way of explanation for his abnormal behavior. As a parting remark he said â€Å"get off my back† and left the meeting suddenly. After being assigned desk duty, Desk Sergeant Katz also observed odd behavior from Officer Goulde on his tour. He brought it up to Sergeant Wentworth who then asked Desk Sergeant Katz to put this in writing so that he can take a different course of action with Officer Gould. ISSUES Mainly the issues that surround this case are the fact that Sergeant Wentworth has observed all of this declining behavior from Office Jacob Goulde and has not immediately intervened to find out the cause of this extreme attitude shift. Sergeant Wentworth should not have had an unofficial meeting with his officer, but instead a more official gathering and offered support to the officer in order to figure out what is causing all of these serious mishaps. Desk Sergeant Katz is also suffering from the â€Å"passing the buck† syndrome. After Officer Goulde was assigned desk duty on his shift, Sgt. Katz should have taken more extreme measures after discovering Officer Goulde drinking from a suspicious looking bottle and later smelling alcohol on his breath. Even though Officer Goulde isn’t his immediate responsibility, in a police department everyone is responsible not only of solving the crime but of holding each other accountable for their errors. SOLUTION (S) A police officer is held accountable to the highest degree of the law, but a supervisor is held at an even higher standard because they’re in charge of overseeing their subordinates. Sgt. Wentworth has failed to approach the issue when it first started, therefore not being proactive. Now, he’s stuck with this issue and isn’t exactly sure how to follow suit. He must remember that he is the one in command and the one that needs to set rules and guidelines for the subordinates to follow. Perhaps giving the officer desk duty to be observed closely wasn’t the best idea since he should have been the one to look more closely into this problem with his officer. Sergeant Wentworth should have made Officer Goulde go to mandatory counseling to help him with his problems, whatever they are. If he suffers from any sort of substance abuse or emotional distress, he would get the necessary help through the psych services offered by the department (EIU). Also, they have to set up a plan for the two to meet regularly and discuss the effects of the therapy and map out a route with a mutual goal. If this problem persists, Sergeant Wentworth has to take the written report by Desk Sergeant Katz and go through the appropriate channels for a formal hearing, that will somewhat force Officer Goulde to answer questions without allowing him any opportunity to walk out. He has already demonstrated that he has no regard for his Sergeant by being evasive and walking out. Sergeant Wentworth has to become a democratic leader in order to aid his subordinates with any problems they’re facing. POLICE SUPERVISION PSPOL – 212 POLICE SUPERVISION CASE STUDY (2B) ELIZABETH DIAZ 10/14/2012 BACKGROUND Sergeant Wentworth is a sergeant at the Town of Utopia Police Department. After graduating high school and attending at the University of Pleasant, he took the exam for the Utopia Police Department and scored number 3 which landed him a job in 1986. After his probation period ended, he was placed into one of the more productive squads. Sergeant Robert Hulett, who was known as an energetic workaholic, trained Wentworth. He scored number one on the entrance, sergeant and lieutenant examinations for the department. He was even better known for his ability to train and develop new officers. Wentworth was bright, quick to learn and had very high aspirations about becoming a great officer in this department and was grateful of being trained by Sergeant Hulett. Officer Shapiro has been an officer with the Utopia Police Department since 1971 and is assigned to Squad Z. He is known around the department for being a quiet individual who worked at his own steady pace. The work he turned in contained errors but generally it was done pretty accurately and mostly on time. Sometimes, Officer Shapiro’s slow manner of speaking and of working irritated his fellow officers and most of all Sergeant Wentworth, who needed him to respond a little more promptly to situations that needed attention. Officer Shapiro’s work attendance was fairly reliable though he never placed punctuality very high on his priority list. Shapiro’s absence last Monday however, caused a great deal of issues to his squad. Several officers had been sent to the Police Range for their firearms qualifications that left the squad short handed for road patrol. Shapiro didn’t call in until an hour after his shift was supposed to start, to say he wouldn’t make it in to work. You read "Police Supervision" in category "Essay examples" Sergeant Wentworth had to cover his shift after speaking to Lieutenant Dunbar, who expressed his disappointment with Wentworth about his mismanaging his staff. Lt. Dunbar became even more infuriated when he learned that the tasks assigned to Sgt. Wentworth had not been completed. Sgt. Wentworth summoned Officer Shapiro to his office on Tuesday and advised him that this situation needs to be rectified or there would be a formal complaint filed against him. ISSUES Squad Z and Sergeant Wentworth are having serious issues with the work performance of Officer Shapiro and the issues that have risen because of his erratic work attendance. Officer Shapiro’s slow work demeanor presents a serious contrast between the fast pace work environment of his squad. Officer Shapiro’s work attendance has caused serious issues not only for Squad Z but also for Sergeant Wentworth who was reprimanded by Lt. Dunbar. Sgt. Wentworth was forced to cover the shift of Officer Shapiro when most of the squad members were sent off for their firearms qualifications. Lt. Dunbar expressed his disappointment in Sgt. Wentworth for mismanaging his staff and not keeping proper track of the people he oversees. Although Officer Shapiro’s work is turned in and completed in a timely fashion, it still contains errors and he seems to be suffering from low work morale, which is why he seems unmotivated to be the best officer he can be. After discussing the possible repercussions of this continued behavior with Officer Shapiro he simply shrugged his shoulders and asked to be dismissed, a clear indication that he doesn’t care or isn’t intimidated by a threat of ormal complaints against him. SOLUTION (S) Sgt. Wentworth, as a supervisor has to have the ability to be a decision-maker and set up strict guidelines for his staff to follow. Also, have the correct attitude to train his subordinates. A supervisor cannot criticize his subordinates, but instead needs to create an atmosphere where his officers will want to work efficiently. Sergeant Wentw orth has to create a work environment where there is high morale and his officers feel productive and united, and demonstrate he is capable of patience with training the subordinates. As a supervisor, he has to recognize the necessity of training employees because they are the organization’s most important resource. Sergeant Wentworth should send officer Shapiro for a refresher-training course where his skills will be refreshed and reinforced, to ensure that he is performing to the best of his abilities. His skills play a very important role in the day-to-day smooth operations of his squad. Also, he should set up some time aside to review his work performance until he is satisfied they are up to department standards. POLICE SUPERVISION PSPOL – 212 POLICE SUPERVISION CASE STUDY (3B) ELIZABETH DIAZ 10/14/2012 BACKGROUND As the squad supervisor for Squad Z, Sergeant Wentworth has been concerned with the poor performance of the squad’s officers and the recent drop in summonses and arrests. Sergeant Wentworth has been determined to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of his squad and as a result has decided to arrange a squad meeting and has placed it for the last day of the 8Ãâ€"4 tour of squad Z, to ensure that the whole squad will attend. This meeting is an open forum style to allow everyone to air his or her grievances. On the day of the meeting, Sgt. Wentworth opened the meeting by inviting everyone to voice their concerns about the reasons why there’s poor performance and lack of productivity coming from this squad. The first one to offer to speak was Officer Lockwood, who has always been someone hard to communicate with. According to Sgt. Wentworth she blames the supervisors for the lack of production from the squad. She went on to say that the faulty radar units purchased by the department are the reason for the decrease in summonses since they’re always in for repairs. She also expressed that it is the supervisor’s responsibility to provide their officers with working equipment. A remark by Officer Gardenia was very insensitive to Officer Lockwood, who left the room in tears and never returned. Next was Officer Griffin who has issues with several officers who do not clean out the squad cars, then called them â€Å"sloppy pigs†. Officers Goulde and Shapiro supported Griffin’s claims stating that maybe they’re dirty because supervisors fail to report them but they also took personal offense to Griffin’s name calling, which then set off several exchanges about sexism and passing the buck. Sgt. Wentworth who had been quietly observing these exchanges said, â€Å"This meeting was a mistake†. Officer McBride, who is usually quiet, spoke and said that the supervisors never really listen to their complaints. She also went on to say that in several occasions they’ve reported the faulty equipment, the conditions of the squad cars and that the morale on the squad has fallen dangerously low. Officer Griffin agrees with Officer McBride’s claims saying he believes the supervisors are only interested in productivity and not listening to what they have to say. Sgt. Wentworth promised that he would take seriously the claims he’s heard today. He then thanked Officer McBride for voicing her opinion and she stated that it’s only the tip of the iceberg and that there are other more serious things going on in this department than he realizes. She advised him to patrol the streets and check on what his officers are doing. ISSUES The main issues in this case study are the lack of productivity and decrease in arrests/summonses of Squad Z. There is an obvious underlying reason as to why this squad’s morale has taken a nosedive. Sergeant Wentworth’s demeanor during the squad meeting was unnerving. He should have never allowed Officer Gardenia to speak to Officer Lockwood in such a way. If his intention was to hear the issues of his officers then he should have never allowed these shouting matches to go on in his presence. Although Officer Griffin’s concerns were valid he shouldn’t have let him go at it with Officers Goulde and Shapiro. Lastly, he shouldn’t have said that the meeting was a mistake, that’s not reflective of a leader. He should’ve considered that the meeting wouldn’t just go smoothly. In fact, he should’ve prepared himself for several possible outcomes of the meeting, that’s what a true leader does. Clearly there are serious issues that aren’t being handled by supervisors in order to restore morale and productivity to this squad. Sergeant Wentworth should’ve have undermined Sergeant McBride by telling her she’d only been here a little while when she intended to give him further perspective about the real issues going on around the squad. Sgt. Wentworth needs to stop the buck here. SOLUTION (S) In order to solve the issues that plague Squad Z, Sgt. Wentworth needs to sit down and make a plan that will show goals he wants for the squad and a time frame in which they must be done by. He has to consider the claims made by his officers and take them seriously. This is the moment when he has to become a Democratic Leader and seek ideas from his subordinates to ensure that these problems are eradicated. Sergeant Wentworth has to lead by example and treat his subordinates as colleagues, as oppose to trying to exert his will over them. He should make it mandatory that his officers attend a team-building seminar to bring his quad together and help them communicate with each other better and therefore making them better communicators toward their supervisors. Sergeant Wentworth seems to not take seriously the internal complaints of his officers, but this should be so. A supervisor’s job is to take serious and show importance to all complaints no matter how important or not they seem to him, because clearly it is important to his s ubordinate. Sergeant Wentworth needs to work on paying close attention to these complaints, as they seem to be the start of the bigger issues. POLICE SUPERVISION PSPOL – 212 POLICE SUPERVISION CASE STUDY (4B) ELIZABETH DIAZ 10/14/2012 BACKGROUND Sergeant Wentworth went out on patrol shortly after twelve midnight, when he observed two patrol cars parked side by side in an alleyway. After approaching the cars, he asked officer Shapiro and Ashford what they were doing outside their sectors. Officer Shapiro replied they were just talking about where they would meet up later in their shift, which is in clear violation of the regulations set forth by the Utopia Police Department. Sgt. Wentworth sent them both on their way. As he continued to patrol the town, he heard dispatch call patrol car 91 for several minutes. Without response, dispatch gave the call to patrol car 92, which was in a different sector. Sgt. Wentworth called headquarters and asked what was car 91’s last known location and went in search of it. He tried to locate car 91 and the officer but neither could be found. Officer Ashford, of car 92, told the Sergeant that some cars went on to Castle Avenue to sleep. How to cite Police Supervision, Essay examples

Sources of Motivation free essay sample

Paul Knoll Sources of Motivation Paper People are individually motivated to achieve certain goals, meet particular desires, and ultimately define his or her purpose and the inspiration that guides these thoughts, actions, and behaviors. Motivation refers to a set of factors that â€Å"activate, direct, and maintain behavior, usually toward some goal† (Huffman, 2010, p. 406). Theories or sources involved in driving motivation emphasize biological, psychological, social forces, and the environment (Deckers, 2010; Huffman, 2010). This essay thoroughly discusses motivation, examines a couple of sources that contribute to motivation, emphasizes the relationship between motivation and behavior, and includes how behavior can exhibit motivation. Although many researchers debate regarding contributing factors and sources in motivation, a clear and comprehensive approach is to consider all perspectives concerning each person’s individuality. Sources of Motivation Each organism experiences differing sources of motivation usually concerning an ultimate goal. Motivation can be internal or external, which refers to a push or pull toward the goal, and intrinsic or extrinsic, which refers to the sheer joy that motivates individuals or environmental factors, such as money (Sheldon amp; Kasser, 2008). The primary perspectives regarding motivation include biological, psychological, environmental, social forces, and the interactionism of these concepts. Encompassed within these theories are numerous sources that contribute to motivation. Two of these sources include the drive reduction theory, which emphasizes an organism’s internal or physiological needs, and the incentive theory, which centers on external or environmental pulls (Deckers, 2010; Huffman, 2010). Examples of biological needs that push people in certain directions include food and water. When the need to drink water or eat food arises, an organism is compelled to alleviate that drive or internal state of tension. The organism is motivated to satisfy these drives by performing goal directed behavior and an action is taken. In simple terminology, if an individual is hungry or thirsty he or she will find it essential to reduce this drive by eating a slice of pizza or drinking a glass of water. When the individual’s need is satisfied or relieved, homeostasis is achieved. Homoeostasis refers to a state of biological equilibrium. This process is defined as the drive reduction theory and is a daily source of motivation (Deckers, 2010; Huffman, 2010). Motivation resulting from external stimuli that pulls an organism in certain directions is defined as the incentive theory (Huffman, 2010). For example, an individual is watching television and a commercial advertising a delicious, cheesy pizza is shown, this person is likely to engage in eating pizza whether they are hungry or not. The external stimuli or pizza commercial can affect a person’s eating habits even when they are no longer hungry because the sight of something delicious triggers or pulls one toward continued eating. Relationship Between Motivation and Behavior Motivation affects and drives behavior. As discussed in aforementioned paragraphs, organisms will be motivated to achieve, perform, activate, direct, or maintain certain behaviors based on numerous sources of motivation. For example, an individual sets a goal to achieve a raise at work. He or she may work longer hours, strive to impress their boss, or display leadership qualities. This behavior is goal oriented and the motivational sources may include intrinsic reasons, such as a higher sense of self-worth and pride or extrinsic reasons, such as better pay (Sheldon amp; Kasser, 2008). Behavior and motivation create a cycle which develops based on positive or negative outcomes, experiences, expectancies, emotions, and perceptions. The individual who positively changes his or her behavior at work to acquire a raise should eventually be rewarded with positive results because of their increased motivation, creating pleasant emotions. Spinning the cycle, a person exhibiting respectable work habits or behaviors showcases higher motivation and guides the cycle back to receiving positive results because of higher motivation which encourages better-quality behavior. If he or she continued to display these positive work habits yet remained in the same position, was never encouraged, or given positive feedback the consequences may result in his or her poor behavior. The individual’s behavior may decline and work performance will suffer thereby demonstrating an example of the cycle that dictates both motivation, behavior, and the emotions that accompany this relationship. Conclusion Motivation, behavior, and emotions are inseparable. One’s emotions whether positive or negative tend to drive behavior. Motivating sources are numerous and can occur simultaneously. Many of these motivating sources can be internal by pushing organisms in a certain direction, such as hunger or external by pulling organisms toward a behavior, such as televisions influence. Behavior can exhibit motivation especially when considering whether an action or behavioral response is intrinsic or extrinsic. Individuals who set goals, such as the aforementioned pay raise, can be affected by emotions such as joy from pride or a salary increase. The relationship and cycle that defines motivation and behavior can appear confusing as multiple perceptions collide.

Lab report on enzyme activity. Essay Example

Lab report on enzyme activity. Paper The reactant an enzyme acts on is referred to the enzymes substrate. The enzyme will combine with or to its substrate. While the two are joined, the substrate is converted to its product by catalytic action of the enzyme. There is an active site of the enzyme molecule which is a restricted region that actually attaches to the substrate. Usually the active site is formed by only a few of the enzymes amino acids, the rest is just the framework that reinforces the active site. In an enzymatic reaction, the substrate enters the active site then is held in place by weak bonds. Now the enzyme does its work and first changes shape so it can hold onto the substrate. Next the substrate is changed to its product, the product is released and the enzymes active site is ready and waiting for another molecule of substrate. Amylase is an enzyme in human saliva and in other organisms and its substrate is starch. When the active site of amylase binds with the starch, hydrolysis takes place. When the hydrolysis (the breaking of a chemical bond with the insertion of the ions of a water molecule) of starch is complete you are left with a saccharine called maltose. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report on enzyme activity. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report on enzyme activity. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab report on enzyme activity. specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Enzymes are necessary for metabolic reactions, the question pose is thisdo variances of temperature, pH, substrate and enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction? METHOD To prepare for the experiment the following equipment was assembled: a spot plate, a test tube with amylase and starch in it, a Pasteur pipette, and iodine. The spot plate was labeled in time intervals each two minutes apart. A drop of iodine was placed in each area of the spot plate. This will demonstrate how long it takes the amylase to hydrology the starch. Using the pipette, a drop or two of the amylase/starch mixture was placed in one circle containing iodine on the spot plate. If the iodine turned blue, the hydrolysis is incomplete and the test was repeated at two minute intervals. If it remains the color of iodine the reaction is complete. The time that elapsed from the beginning of the the reaction is noted. To test the affect of temperature differences on the reaction 4 test tubes with a starch/amylase mixture were labeled at different degrees C. C, ICC, ICC, ICC. The test tubes were immersed in 4 water baths that were at the temperature babbled on the test tubes. The test tubes were left immersed for 10 minutes. The procedure noted above with iodine was followed for each test tube and the results documented. To test the effect of pH on the rate of hydrolysis 4 buffered solutions of pH 1. 0, 3. 0,7. 0 and 10. 0 were prepared . 4 test tubes were labeled with the different pH levels. The appropriate buffer solution was added to each test tube. Next . 5 ml of amylase was added to each test tube. The test tubes were plugged and inverted to mix the contents. Beginning with the test tube with lowest pH, 10 ml of starch as added to each tube. The tubes were again plugged and inverted to mix the contents. Again the procedure with the iodine was followed and the results documented. To test the effect substrate has on the rate of hydrolysis 4 test tubes were labeled with the following substrate dilutions: 50%, 25%, 10% and 5%. In the 4 test tubes, the following starch solutions were prepared: Dilution Starch Water Ion-II Ion-II ml ml ml ml 5% Mil ml . 1 ml of amylase was added to each test tube and the procedure with the iodine was followed and the results documented. To test the effect of enzyme concentration on hydrolysis, 4 test tubes were labeled with the following enzyme dilutions: 5%, 2. 5%, 1%, . 5%. In the 4 test tubes, the following enzyme solutions were prepared: Dilution Amylase Water 5% 2. Mm 0. Ml 2. 5% I. Mol I. Mol 1% . Ml 1. Ml . Mi 1. Ml Then ml of starch to each tube, the procedure with the iodine was followed and the results documented. RESULTS Upon the conclusion of the test, it was determined that variances of temperature, pH, substrate and enzyme concentration did affect the rate of he reaction. Different than what a person may think, the rate of reaction was longer with the colder temperature and the highest temperature. The rate if reaction shortened with the middle temperatures of 24 and 40 degrees C. In the test of the pH variances, again the results showed the longest rate of reaction in the highest and lowest pH levels. The rate of reaction decreased when the pH level changed from 3. 0 to 7. 0. The substrate concentration variances showed a steady increase in the rate of reaction in relation to increase of concentration. The enzyme concentration showed a steady decrease in the rate of reaction in relation to increased concentration. All raw data is stated in graphs at the end of this report. CONCLUSION It was confirmed in this experiment that changes in the environment like temperature, pH levels, substrate and enzyme concentrations did effect the rate of reaction. It really should be evident that the substrate and enzyme concentration levels would effect the rate of reaction the was they did as it was noted in the intro of the paper the role each one of these plays in the reaction process.